Marc Andreessen is an entrepreneur, investor, co-creator of Mosaic, co-founder of Netscape, and co-founder of the venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep458-sb See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. *Transcript:* https://lexfridman.com/marc-andreessen-2-transcript *CONTACT LEX:* *Feedback* - give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey *AMA* - submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama *Hiring* - join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring *Other* - other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact *EPISODE LINKS:* Marc's X: https://x.com/pmarca Marc's Substack: https://pmarca.substack.com Marc's YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@a16z Andreessen Horowitz: https://a16z.com *SPONSORS:* To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts: *Encord:* AI tooling for annotation & data management. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/encord-ep458-sb *GitHub:* Developer platform and AI code editor. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/github-ep458-sb *Notion:* Note-taking and team collaboration. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/notion-ep458-sb *Shopify:* Sell stuff online. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/shopify-ep458-sb *LMNT:* Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/lmnt-ep458-sb *OUTLINE:* 0:00 - Introduction 1:09 - Best possible future 10:32 - History of Western Civilization 19:51 - Trump in 2025 27:32 - TDS in tech 40:19 - Preference falsification 56:15 - Self-censorship 1:11:18 - Censorship 1:19:57 - Jon Stewart 1:22:43 - Mark Zuckerberg on Joe Rogan 1:31:32 - Government pressure 1:42:19 - Nature of power 1:55:08 - Journalism 2:00:43 - Bill Ackman 2:05:40 - Trump administration 2:13:19 - DOGE 2:27:11 - H1B and immigration 3:05:05 - Little tech 3:17:25 - AI race 3:26:15 - X 3:29:47 - Yann LeCun 3:33:21 - Andrew Huberman 3:34:53 - Success 3:37:49 - God and humanity *PODCAST LINKS:* - Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast - Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr - Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 - RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ - Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 - Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips *SOCIAL LINKS:* - X: https://x.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://instagram.com/lexfridman - TikTok: https://tiktok.com/@lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://facebook.com/lexfridman - Patreon: https://patreon.com/lexfridman - Telegram: https://t.me/lexfridman - Reddit: https://reddit.com/r/lexfridman

Jennifer Burns is a historian of ideas, focusing on the evolution of economic, political, and social ideas in the United States in the 20th century. She wrote two biographies, one on Milton Friedman, and the other on Ayn Rand. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep457-sb See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. *Transcript:* https://lexfridman.com/jennifer-burns-transcript *CONTACT LEX:* *Feedback* - give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey *AMA* - submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama *Hiring* - join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring *Other* - other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact *EPISODE LINKS:* Jennifer's X: https://x.com/profburns Jennifer's Website: https://www.jenniferburns.org Jennifer's Books: Milton Friedman biography: https://amzn.to/4hfy1HO Ayn Rand biography: https://amzn.to/4afr3A0 *SPONSORS:* To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts: *Brain.fm:* Music for focus. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/brainfm-ep457-sb *GitHub:* Developer platform and AI code editor. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/github-ep457-sb *LMNT:* Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/lmnt-ep457-sb *Shopify:* Sell stuff online. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/shopify-ep457-sb *AG1:* All-in-one daily nutrition drinks. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/ag1-ep457-sb *OUTLINE:* 0:00 - Introduction 0:48 - Milton Friedman 15:41 - The Great Depression 29:58 - Schools of economic thought 41:05 - Keynesian economics 48:53 - Laissez-faire 56:43 - Friedrich Hayek 1:02:01 - Money and monetarism 1:16:46 - Stagflation 1:21:39 - Moral case for capitalism 1:25:35 - Freedom 1:30:34 - Ethics of competition 1:34:20 - Win-win solutions 1:36:09 - Corruption 1:38:33 - Government intervention 1:44:53 - Conservatism 1:51:16 - Donald Trump 1:53:52 - Inflation 1:58:21 - DOGE 2:03:40 - Javier Milei 2:08:46 - Richard Nixon 2:16:00 - Ronald Reagan 2:19:07 - Cryptocurrency 2:34:23 - Ayn Rand 2:42:01 - The Fountainhead 2:53:41 - Sex and power dynamics 3:09:47 - Evolution of ideas in history 3:17:15 - Postmodernism 3:28:16 - Advice to students 3:36:32 - Lex reflects on Volodymyr Zelenskyy interview *PODCAST LINKS:* - Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast - Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr - Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 - RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ - Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 - Clips Channel: https://youtube.com/lexclips *SOCIAL LINKS:* - X: https://x.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://instagram.com/lexfridman - TikTok: https://tiktok.com/@lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://facebook.com/lexfridman - Patreon: https://patreon.com/lexfridman - Telegram: https://t.me/lexfridman - Reddit: https://reddit.com/r/lexfridman

Volodymyr Zelenskyy is the President of Ukraine. This episode is available in English, Ukrainian, and Russian. Captions and voice-over audio tracks are provided in English, Ukrainian, Russian, and the original mixed-language version, with subtitles available in your preferred language. To listen to the original mixed language version, please select the English (UK) audio track audio track. The default is English overdub. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep456-sb See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. *Transcript:* https://lexfridman.com/volodymyr-zelenskyy-transcript *CONTACT LEX:* *Feedback* - give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey *AMA* - submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama *Hiring* - join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring *Other* - other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact *EPISODE LINKS:* President Zelenskyy's X: https://x.com/ZelenskyyUa President Zelenskyy's Instagram: https://instagram.com/zelenskyy_official President Zelenskyy's Website: https://www.president.gov.ua/ *SPONSORS:* To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts: *Notion:* Note-taking and team collaboration. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/notion-ep456-sb *GitHub:* Developer platform and AI code editor. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/github-ep456-sb *AG1:* All-in-one daily nutrition drinks. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/ag1-ep456-sb *LMNT:* Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/lmnt-ep456-sb *Eight Sleep:* Temp-controlled smart mattress cover. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/eight_sleep-ep456-sb *BetterHelp:* Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/betterhelp-ep456-sb *OUTLINE:* 0:00 - Introduction 3:29 - Introductory words from Lex 13:55 - Language 23:44 - World War II 40:32 - Invasion on Feb 24, 2022 47:07 - Negotiating Peace 1:07:24 - NATO and security guarantees 1:20:17 - Sitting down with Putin and Trump 1:39:47 - Compromise and leverage 1:45:15 - Putin and Russia 1:55:07 - Donald Trump 2:05:39 - Martial Law and Elections 2:17:58 - Corruption 2:26:44 - Elon Musk 2:30:47 - Trump Inauguration on Jan 20 2:33:55 - Power dynamics in Ukraine 2:37:27 - Future of Ukraine 2:42:09 - Choice of language 2:51:39 - Podcast prep and research process 3:00:04 - Travel and setup 3:05:51 - Conclusion *PODCAST LINKS:* - Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast - Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr - Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 - RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ - Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 - Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips *SOCIAL LINKS:* - X: https://x.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://instagram.com/lexfridman - TikTok: https://tiktok.com/@lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://facebook.com/lexfridman - Patreon: https://patreon.com/lexfridman - Telegram: https://t.me/lexfridman - Reddit: https://reddit.com/r/lexfridman

Adam Frank is an astrophysicist studying star systems and the search for extraterrestrial life and alien civilizations. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep455-sb See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. *Transcript:* https://lexfridman.com/adam-frank-transcript *CONTACT LEX:* *Feedback* - give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey *AMA* - submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama *Hiring* - join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring *Other* - other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact *EPISODE LINKS:* Adam's Website: https://adamfrankscience.com Adam's X: https://x.com/adamfrank4 Adam's Instagram: https://instagram.com/adamfrankscience Adam's Books: The Little Book of Aliens: https://amzn.to/3OTX1rP Light of the Stars: https://amzn.to/4iMKC6C The Blind Spot: https://amzn.to/4gOCe4K The Constant Fire: https://amzn.to/3ZVnxX4 *SPONSORS:* To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts: *Encord:* AI tooling for annotation & data management. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/encord-ep455-sb *Eight Sleep:* Temp-controlled smart mattress cover. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/eight_sleep-ep455-sb *Shopify:* Sell stuff online. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/shopify-ep455-sb *NetSuite:* Business management software. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/netsuite-ep455-sb *BetterHelp:* Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/betterhelp-ep455-sb *Notion:* Note-taking and team collaboration. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/notion-ep455-sb *LMNT:* Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/lmnt-ep455-sb *AG1:* All-in-one daily nutrition drinks. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/ag1-ep455-sb *OUTLINE:* 0:00 - Introduction 1:58 - Planet formation 7:08 - Plate tectonics 14:30 - Extinction events 18:41 - Biosphere 21:39 - Technosphere 25:53 - Emergence of intelligence 32:06 - Drake equation 36:20 - Exoplanets 39:04 - Habitable zones 42:06 - Fermi Paradox 51:04 - Alien civilizations 1:00:32 - Colonizing Mars 1:12:48 - Search for aliens 1:29:13 - Alien megastructures 1:35:19 - Kardashev scale 1:40:32 - Detecting aliens 1:47:14 - Warp drives 1:53:21 - Cryogenics 1:56:39 - What aliens look like 2:05:24 - Alien contact 2:16:29 - UFO sightings 2:28:14 - Physics of life 2:54:05 - Nature of time 3:10:29 - Cognition 3:14:53 - Mortality *PODCAST LINKS:* - Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast - Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr - Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 - RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ - Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 - Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips *SOCIAL LINKS:* - X: https://x.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://instagram.com/lexfridman - TikTok: https://tiktok.com/@lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://facebook.com/lexfridman - Patreon: https://patreon.com/lexfridman - Telegram: https://t.me/lexfridman - Reddit: https://reddit.com/r/lexfridman

Saagar Enjeti is a political journalist & commentator, co-host of Breaking Points with Krystal and Saagar and The Realignment Podcast. He is exceptionally well-read, and the books he recommends are always fascinating and eye-opening. You can check out all the books he mentions in this episode here: https://lexfridman.com/saagar-books Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep454-sb See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. *Transcript:* https://lexfridman.com/saagar-enjeti-2-transcript *CONTACT LEX:* *Feedback* - give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey *AMA* - submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama *Hiring* - join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring *Other* - other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact *EPISODE LINKS:* Saagar's Book Recommendations: https://lexfridman.com/saagar-books Saagar's Substack (where he recommends more books): https://saagarenjeti.substack.com/ Saagar's X: https://x.com/esaagar Saagar's Instagram: https://instagram.com/esaagar Breaking Points: https://youtube.com/@breakingpoints The Realignment Podcast: https://www.youtube.com/@therealignment Saagar's Linktree: https://linktr.ee/esaagar *SPONSORS:* To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts: *Eight Sleep:* Temp-controlled smart mattress cover. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/eight_sleep-ep454-sb *AG1:* All-in-one daily nutrition drinks. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/ag1-ep454-sb *LMNT:* Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/lmnt-ep454-sb *BetterHelp:* Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/betterhelp-ep454-sb *Shopify:* Sell stuff online. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/shopify-ep454-sb *NetSuite:* Business management software. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/netsuite-ep454-sb *OUTLINE:* 0:00 - Introduction 5:06 - Why Trump won 10:07 - Book recommendations 13:44 - History of wokeism 21:13 - History of Scots-Irish 27:51 - Biden 31:54 - FDR 33:55 - George W Bush 36:18 - LBJ 41:35 - Cuban Missile Crisis 49:07 - Immigration 1:21:06 - DOGE 1:47:46 - MAGA ideology 1:50:58 - Bernie Sanders 1:59:20 - Obama vs Trump 2:16:19 - Nancy Pelosi 2:19:34 - Kamala Harris 2:35:19 - 2020 Election 2:59:08 - Sam Harris 3:10:15 - UFOs 3:16:06 - Future of the Republican Party 3:22:43 - Future of the Democratic Party 3:30:41 - Hope *PODCAST LINKS:* - Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast - Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr - Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 - RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ - Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 - Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips *SOCIAL LINKS:* - X: https://x.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://instagram.com/lexfridman - TikTok: https://tiktok.com/@lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://facebook.com/lexfridman - Patreon: https://patreon.com/lexfridman - Telegram: https://t.me/lexfridman - Reddit: https://reddit.com/r/lexfridman

Javier Milei is the President of Argentina. This episode is available in both English and Spanish. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep453-sb See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. *Update: 3rd Audio Track with Original Audio:* I've added a 3rd audio track with the original audio, with Lex speaking English and Javier Milei speaking Spanish. To listen to it, please choose "English (United Kingdom)" audio track, by clicking on: Settings (Gear Icon), Audio Track, Choose: English (United Kingdom). So, "English (US)" is the fully english dubbed track, and "English (UK)" is the original bilingual track. For the latter, you can turn on subtitles as well. For now, this is the best I can do. I will work with the YouTube team to figure out a better solution. I tried really hard to make this conversation as accessible as possible to people who speak only English or Spanish. I'll keep trying to figure out how to do this better. Your feedback is deeply appreciated. Thank you for listening. I love you all! ❤ *Corrections/Clarifications in Translation:* - The English translation at 23:23 says "fiscal deficit" when it should say "fiscal balance". We fixed the captions, transcript, and will try to fix the audio soon 🙏 - A few times "liberal" is mentioned. In most of the world (except US) that means "classical liberal" which in US is better understood as "libertarian". *Switch between English & Spanish Versions:* This podcast is translated and dubbed into Spanish. To switch between English & Spanish, click: Settings (Gear Icon) , Audio Track , Choose Language. Thank you to ElevenLabs for their amazing help with translation & dubbing 🙏' *Transcript:* https://lexfridman.com/javier-milei-transcript *CONTACT LEX:* *Feedback* - give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey *AMA* - submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama *Hiring* - join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring *Other* - other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact *EPISODE LINKS:* Javier Milei's X: https://x.com/JMilei Javier Milei's Instagram: https://instagram.com/javiermilei Javier Milei's Facebook: https://facebook.com/JavierMileiEconomista *SPONSORS:* To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts: *Eight Sleep:* Temp-controlled smart mattress. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/eight_sleep-ep453-sb *NetSuite:* Business management software. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/netsuite-ep453-sb *BetterHelp:* Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/betterhelp-ep453-sb *AG1:* All-in-one daily nutrition drinks. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/ag1-ep453-sb *LMNT:* Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/lmnt-ep453-sb *OUTLINE:* 0:00 - Introduction 3:27 - Economic freedom 8:52 - Anarcho-capitalism 18:45 - Presidency and reforms 38:05 - Poverty 44:37 - Corruption 53:14 - Freedom 1:07:26 - Elon Musk 1:12:54 - DOGE 1:14:56 - Donald Trump 1:20:56 - US and Argentina relations 1:28:05 - Messi vs Maradona 1:36:58 - God 1:39:05 - Elvis and Rolling Stones 1:42:45 - Free market 1:49:46 - Loyalty 1:52:23 - Advice for young people 1:53:49 - Hope for Argentina *PODCAST LINKS:* - Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast - Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr - Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 - RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ - Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 - Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips *SOCIAL LINKS:* - X: https://x.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://instagram.com/lexfridman - TikTok: https://tiktok.com/@lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://facebook.com/lexfridman - Patreon: https://patreon.com/lexfridman - Telegram: https://t.me/lexfridman - Reddit: https://reddit.com/r/lexfridman

Dario Amodei is the CEO of Anthropic, the company that created Claude. Amanda Askell is an AI researcher working on Claude's character and personality. Chris Olah is an AI researcher working on mechanistic interpretability. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep452-sb See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. *Transcript:* https://lexfridman.com/dario-amodei-transcript *CONTACT LEX:* *Feedback* - give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey *AMA* - submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama *Hiring* - join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring *Other* - other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact *EPISODE LINKS:* Claude: https://claude.ai Anthropic's X: https://x.com/AnthropicAI Anthropic's Website: https://anthropic.com Dario's X: https://x.com/DarioAmodei Dario's Website: https://darioamodei.com Machines of Loving Grace (Essay): https://darioamodei.com/machines-of-loving-grace Chris's X: https://x.com/ch402 Chris's Blog: https://colah.github.io Amanda's X: https://x.com/AmandaAskell Amanda's Website: https://askell.io *SPONSORS:* To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts: *Encord:* AI tooling for annotation & data management. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/encord-ep452-sb *Notion:* Note-taking and team collaboration. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/notion-ep452-sb *Shopify:* Sell stuff online. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/shopify-ep452-sb *BetterHelp:* Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/betterhelp-ep452-sb *LMNT:* Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/lmnt-ep452-sb *OUTLINE:* 0:00 - Introduction 3:14 - Scaling laws 12:20 - Limits of LLM scaling 20:45 - Competition with OpenAI, Google, xAI, Meta 26:08 - Claude 29:44 - Opus 3.5 34:30 - Sonnet 3.5 37:50 - Claude 4.0 42:02 - Criticism of Claude 54:49 - AI Safety Levels 1:05:37 - ASL-3 and ASL-4 1:09:40 - Computer use 1:19:35 - Government regulation of AI 1:38:24 - Hiring a great team 1:47:14 - Post-training 1:52:39 - Constitutional AI 1:58:05 - Machines of Loving Grace 2:17:11 - AGI timeline 2:29:46 - Programming 2:36:46 - Meaning of life 2:42:53 - Amanda Askell - Philosophy 2:45:21 - Programming advice for non-technical people 2:49:09 - Talking to Claude 3:05:41 - Prompt engineering 3:14:15 - Post-training 3:18:54 - Constitutional AI 3:23:48 - System prompts 3:29:54 - Is Claude getting dumber? 3:41:56 - Character training 3:42:56 - Nature of truth 3:47:32 - Optimal rate of failure 3:54:43 - AI consciousness 4:09:14 - AGI 4:17:52 - Chris Olah - Mechanistic Interpretability 4:22:44 - Features, Circuits, Universality 4:40:17 - Superposition 4:51:16 - Monosemanticity 4:58:08 - Scaling Monosemanticity 5:06:56 - Macroscopic behavior of neural networks 5:11:50 - Beauty of neural networks *PODCAST LINKS:* - Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast - Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr - Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 - RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ - Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 - Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips *SOCIAL LINKS:* - X: https://x.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://instagram.com/lexfridman - TikTok: https://tiktok.com/@lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://facebook.com/lexfridman - Patreon: https://patreon.com/lexfridman - Telegram: https://t.me/lexfridman - Reddit: https://reddit.com/r/lexfridman

Rick Spence is a historian specializing in the history of intelligence agencies, espionage, secret societies, conspiracies, the occult, and military history. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep451-sb See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. *Transcript:* https://lexfridman.com/rick-spence-transcript *CONTACT LEX:* *Feedback* - give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey *AMA* - submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama *Hiring* - join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring *Other* - other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact *EPISODE LINKS:* Rick's Website: https://www.uidaho.edu/class/history/faculty-staff/richard-spence Rick's Courses: https://bit.ly/40dIZbw *SPONSORS:* To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts: *AG1:* All-in-one daily nutrition drinks. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/ag1-ep451-sb *NetSuite:* Business management software. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/netsuite-ep451-sb *BetterHelp:* Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/betterhelp-ep451-sb *MasterClass:* Online classes from world-class experts. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/masterclass-ep451-sb *Shopify:* Sell stuff online. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/shopify-ep451-sb *OUTLINE:* 0:00 - Introduction 0:37 - KGB and CIA 14:54 - Okhrana, Cheka, NKVD 30:26 - CIA spies vs KGB spies 37:02 - Assassinations and mind control 43:56 - Jeffrey Epstein 50:48 - Bohemian Grove 1:02:42 - Occultism 1:13:53 - Nazi party and Thule society 1:54:11 - Protocols of the Elders of Zion 2:27:16 - Charles Manson 2:54:03 - Zodiac Killer 3:04:57 - Illuminati 3:12:21 - Secret societies *PODCAST LINKS:* - Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast - Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr - Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 - RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ - Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 - Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips *SOCIAL LINKS:* - X: https://x.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://instagram.com/lexfridman - TikTok: https://tiktok.com/@lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://facebook.com/lexfridman - Patreon: https://patreon.com/lexfridman - Telegram: https://t.me/lexfridman - Reddit: https://reddit.com/r/lexfridman

Bernie Sanders is a US Senator from Vermont and a two-time presidential candidate. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep450-sb See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. *Transcript:* https://lexfridman.com/bernie-sanders-transcript *CONTACT LEX:* *Feedback* - give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey *AMA* - submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama *Hiring* - join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring *Other* - other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact *EPISODE LINKS:* Bernie's Website: https://berniesanders.com Bernie's X: https://x.com/BernieSanders Bernie's Instagram: https://instagram.com/berniesanders Bernie's YouTube: https://youtube.com/@BernieSanders Bernie's Facebook: https://facebook.com/berniesanders Bernie's Books: It's OK to Be Angry About Capitalism: https://amzn.to/4fiIqS3 Where We Go from Here: https://amzn.to/4eUSJMj Bernie Sanders Guide to Political Revolution: https://amzn.to/3YkVAa4 Our Revolution: https://amzn.to/40cIbnf Outsider in the White House: https://amzn.to/3BSfD8u *SPONSORS:* To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts: *Eight Sleep:* Temp-controlled smart mattress. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/eight_sleep-ep450-sb *Saily:* An eSIM for international travel. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/saily-ep450-sb *Ground News:* Unbiased news source. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/ground_news-ep450-sb *AG1:* All-in-one daily nutrition drinks. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/ag1-ep450-sb *LMNT:* Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/lmnt-ep450-sb *OUTLINE:* 0:00 - Introduction 1:40 - MLK Jr 4:33 - Corruption in politics 15:50 - Healthcare in US 24:23 - 2016 election 30:21 - Barack Obama 36:16 - Capitalism 44:25 - Response to attacks 49:22 - AOC and progressive politics 57:13 - Mortality 59:20 - Hope for the future *PODCAST LINKS:* - Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast - Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr - Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 - RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ - Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 - Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips *SOCIAL LINKS:* - X: https://x.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://instagram.com/lexfridman - TikTok: https://tiktok.com/@lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://facebook.com/lexfridman - Patreon: https://patreon.com/lexfridman - Telegram: https://t.me/lexfridman - Reddit: https://reddit.com/r/lexfridman

Graham Hancock a journalist and author who for over 30 years has explored the controversial possibility that there existed a lost civilization during the last Ice Age, and that it was destroyed in a global cataclysm some 12,000 years ago. He is the presenter of the Netflix documentary series "Ancient Apocalypse", the 2nd season of which has just been released. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep449-sb See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. *Transcript:* https://lexfridman.com/graham-hancock-transcript *CONTACT LEX:* *Feedback* - give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey *AMA* - submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama *Hiring* - join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring *Other* - other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact *EPISODE LINKS:* Graham's Website: https://grahamhancock.com/ Ancient Apocalypse (Season 2): https://netflix.com/title/81211003 Graham's YouTube: https://youtube.com/GrahamHancockDotCom Graham's X: https://x.com/Graham__Hancock Graham's Facebook: https://facebook.com/Author.GrahamHancock Fingerprints of the Gods (book): https://amzn.to/4eM3QXC *SPONSORS:* To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts: *Notion:* Note-taking and team collaboration. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/notion-ep449-sb *Riverside:* Platform for recording podcasts and videos from everywhere. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/riverside-ep449-sb *LMNT:* Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/lmnt-ep449-sb *Shopify:* Sell stuff online. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/shopify-ep449-sb *BetterHelp:* Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/betterhelp-ep449-sb *OUTLINE:* 0:00 - Introduction 1:34 - Lost Ice Age civilization 8:39 - Göbekli Tepe 20:43 - Early humans 25:43 - Astronomical symbolism 37:11 - Younger Dryas impact hypothesis 55:31 - The Great Pyramid and the Sphinx of Giza 1:16:04 - Sahara Desert and the Amazon rainforest 1:25:25 - Response to critics 1:49:31 - Panspermia 1:56:58 - Shamanism 2:20:58 - How the Great Pyramid was built 2:28:17 - Mortality *PODCAST LINKS:* - Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast - Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr - Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 - RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ - Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 - Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips *SOCIAL LINKS:* - X: https://x.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://instagram.com/lexfridman - TikTok: https://tiktok.com/@lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://facebook.com/lexfridman - Patreon: https://patreon.com/lexfridman - Telegram: https://t.me/lexfridman - Reddit: https://reddit.com/r/lexfridman